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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties can produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most common varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to coffee blends to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta, and are available in a variety of flavours. The aroma and taste of coffee are affected by the conditions under which it is grown and the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that sprout within bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became stimulated after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon spread across the world.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes and thrive with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters insist on the ethical source of their arabica beans by focusing on fair compensation for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees, which are suitable for different brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee beans unroasted. It is often preferred in order to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants naturally found in. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors.

The plant is more durable than the arabica, and can thrive in less favorable conditions. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cheaper crop to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive it's true that Robusta beans are often mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you see the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a bag of coffee then it's likely that there's some robusta as well.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority use blend both varieties to lower costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it's crucial to choose a high-quality bean from a source you can trust. This can be done by buying your beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped and are therefore distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with smokey undertones. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to give them a deeper, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These attributes make them ideal for growing at home. On the internet, you can purchase the seeds from various sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee are fertile, deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once considered a separate species but has been re-classified as a variation of Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans grow on large coffee plants that reach 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their unique flavor is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for blends that are house-made. They have a lighter flavor and lower caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as common as Arabica and Robusta yet they're the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were changed to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop-shaped shape and possess a dark, mysterious taste. These beans are often used to give blends additional body and a rich, tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are known for having a sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. If brewed and roasted correctly they can be flavored like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee around the world. It makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed worldwide. Robusta beans are smaller and more round, but have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody overtones.

Once you've mastered the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee decaf beans coffee, it's time to select your perfect brew. If you're looking for a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.